{"id":25,"date":"2010-07-01T23:59:07","date_gmt":"2010-07-01T21:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.onegin.se\/?p=25"},"modified":"2011-02-05T12:27:48","modified_gmt":"2011-02-05T11:27:48","slug":"optimering-under-bivillkor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/?p=25","title":{"rendered":"Optimering under bivillkor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jevgenij Onegin<\/em> b\u00e4r undertiteln (eller inneh\u00e5llsdeklarationen) ”roman p\u00e5 vers” (\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0445). Vad inneb\u00e4r detta f\u00f6r strukturen i Onegin-stroferna?<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Pusjkin har skrivit verket p\u00e5 jambisk tetrameter<\/em>. Det betyder att betoningarna alltid ligger p\u00e5 de j\u00e4mna stavelserna \u2013 andra, fj\u00e4rde, sj\u00e4tte, \u00e5ttonde.<\/li>\n
  2. Varje strof har fjorton rader som alltid f\u00f6ljer ett och samma rimm\u00f6nster: AbAbCCddEffEgg.<\/li>\n
  3. Rimmen \u00e4r omv\u00e4xlande kvinnliga<\/em> (versalerna i m\u00f6nstret) och manliga<\/em> (gemenerna i m\u00f6nstret). Ett manligt rim rimmar p\u00e5 en sista betonad stavelse (t.ex. man kan), medan ett kvinnligt rim rimmar p\u00e5 b\u00e5de en n\u00e4st sista betonad stavelse och en sista obetonad (t.ex. kvinna vinna). Ofta \u00e4r de sista, obetonade, stavelserna i ett kvinnligt rim helt enkelt identiska. Versraderna med\u00a0 kvinnliga rim har alltid nio stavelser, de med manliga rim \u00e5tta.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    F\u00f6r att illustrera principerna kan vi \u00e5ter betrakta f\u00f6rsta versen i kapitel I, nu med rimm\u00f6nstret utsatt och betoningarna markerade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    A<\/td>\n\u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u044f<\/strong>\u0434\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c<\/strong>\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442<\/strong>\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430<\/strong>\u0432\u0438\u043b,<\/td>\n\u201dMin far<\/strong>brors hed<\/strong>ersgrubb<\/strong>leri<\/strong>er,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u0443\u0442<\/strong>\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430<\/strong>\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433<\/strong>,<\/td>\nhar nu <\/strong>f\u00f6rbytts<\/strong> i sjuk<\/strong>dom, ve<\/strong>,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A<\/td>\n\u041e\u043d \u0443<\/strong>\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong> \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/strong>\u0432\u0438\u043b<\/td>\nS\u00e5 vinn<\/strong>er sk\u00e4lm<\/strong>en sym<\/strong>pati<\/strong>er:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/td>\n\u0418 \u043b\u0443\u0447<\/strong>\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u044b<\/strong>\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433<\/strong>.<\/td>\nen b\u00e4t<\/strong>tre plan<\/strong> \u00e4r sv\u00e5r <\/strong>att se<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/td>\n\u0415\u0433\u043e<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c<\/strong> \u043d\u0430\u0443<\/strong>\u043a\u0430;<\/td>\nAv hans <\/strong>exem<\/strong>pel m\u00e5<\/strong> vi l\u00e4<\/strong>ra,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C<\/td>\n\u041d\u043e, \u0431\u043e<\/strong>\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0439<\/strong>, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/strong>\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0443<\/strong>\u043a\u0430<\/td>\nmen Gud <\/strong>s\u00e5 tr\u00e5k<\/strong>igt, p\u00e5<\/strong> min \u00e4<\/strong>ra,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/td>\n\u0421 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c<\/strong> \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/strong> \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c<\/strong>,<\/td>\natt sjuk<\/strong>ling vak<\/strong>ta natt <\/strong>som dag<\/strong>,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    d<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0442<\/strong>\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f<\/strong> \u043d\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0433<\/strong>\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u044c<\/strong>!<\/td>\nej min<\/strong>sta steg<\/strong> \u00e4r till <\/strong>behag<\/strong>,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    E<\/td>\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e<\/strong>\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437<\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u0435<\/strong> \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440<\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\nbedr\u00e4g<\/strong>ligt ba<\/strong>ra om<\/strong>sorg vi<\/strong>sa:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f<\/td>\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443<\/strong>\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e<\/strong>\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430<\/strong>\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,<\/td>\nden halv<\/strong>v\u00e4gs d\u00f6<\/strong>de g\u00f6<\/strong>ra glad<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    f<\/td>\n\u0415\u043c\u0443<\/strong> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0448<\/strong>\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e<\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong>,<\/td>\noch r\u00e4<\/strong>ta kudd<\/strong>arna<\/strong> p\u00e5 rad<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    E<\/td>\n\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/strong>\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434<\/strong>\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440<\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e,<\/td>\nMed sorg<\/strong>sen min <\/strong>hans kur<\/strong> bespis<\/strong>a,<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/td>\n\u0412\u0437\u0434\u044b\u0445<\/strong>\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c<\/strong>\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e<\/strong> \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong>:<\/td>\nen h\u00f6r<\/strong>bar suck<\/strong>, men in<\/strong>om mig<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    g<\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/strong> \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442 <\/strong>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0442<\/strong> \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong>!\u00bb<\/td>\nblott tan<\/strong>ken: M\u00e5<\/strong>tte fan<\/strong> ta dig<\/strong>!\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Det strikta betoningsm\u00f6nstret f\u00e5r bland annat effekten att den ryska originaltexten blir l\u00e4ttare att l\u00e4sa, eftersom \u00e4ven obekanta ord kan betonas r\u00e4tt.<\/p>\n

    Varje \u00f6versatt Onegin-strof m\u00e5ste allts\u00e5 uppfylla den metrik som de tre villkoren ovan anger. Detta \u00e4r icke f\u00f6rhandlingsbara bivillkor p\u00e5 \u00f6vers\u00e4ttningen. D\u00e4rut\u00f6ver m\u00e5ste de inneh\u00e5llsm\u00e4ssigt, med rimlig precision, ha samma betydelse som originalet. Med tanke p\u00e5 de h\u00e5rda bivillkoren \u00e4r det fascinerande att det \u00f6ver huvud taget existerar mer \u00e4n en enda s\u00e5dan till\u00e5ten l\u00f6sning (p\u00e5 varje m\u00e5lspr\u00e5k). Att skapa en egen s\u00e5dan l\u00f6sning \u00e4r \u00e4n mer fascinerande.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Jevgenij Onegin b\u00e4r undertiteln (eller inneh\u00e5llsdeklarationen) ”roman p\u00e5 vers” (\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0445). Vad inneb\u00e4r detta f\u00f6r strukturen i Onegin-stroferna? Forts\u00e4tt l\u00e4sa →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":516,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions\/516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}