{"id":305,"date":"2010-09-19T15:21:53","date_gmt":"2010-09-19T13:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.onegin.se\/?p=305"},"modified":"2011-02-27T16:44:09","modified_gmt":"2011-02-27T15:44:09","slug":"i35","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/?p=305","title":{"rendered":"I:35"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d? \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439
\n\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043d:
\n\u0410 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439
\n\u0423\u0436 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d.
\n\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0446, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a,
\n\u041d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0440\u0436\u0443 \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a,
\n\u0421 \u043a\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0445\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442,
\n\u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442.
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0448\u0443\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439.
\n\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438; \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u044b\u043c
\n\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0431\u044b\u043c,
\n\u0418 \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439,
\n\u0412 \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437
\n\u0423\u0436 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0434\u0430\u0441<\/em>.\n<\/td>\n		\nOnegin d\u00e5? Hans \u00f6gon domnar,
\nhan g\u00e5r fr\u00e5n bal till s\u00e4ngs direkt.
\nMen Petersburg, som aldrig somnar,
\nav trumslag har just blivit v\u00e4ckt.
\nS\u00e5 handlar’n vaknar, m\u00e5nglar’n stegar
\noch kusken mot stationen segar.
\nMed \u00e4mbar Ochta-flickan g\u00e5r,
\nsn\u00f6n knarrar uti hennes sp\u00e5r.
\nNu slamrar morgonattiraljer,
\nnu \u00f6ppnas luckor; fr\u00e5n var h\u00e4rd
\nen r\u00f6kstod bl\u00e5 g\u00f6r himmelsf\u00e4rd
\noch bagar’n, tysk som ser detaljer,
\nhan m\u00f6sskl\u00e4dd v\u00e4drar ugnsluft het
\nmed K\u00e4mpferfenster<\/em> – vad \u00e4r det?\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Ochta<\/a> \u00e4r en historisk stadsdel i St Petersburg, bel\u00e4gen p\u00e5 Nevas h\u00f6gra strand.<\/p>\n

Den \u0431\u0438\u0440\u0436\u0430 mot vilken kusken segar \u00e4r inte, som i modern ryska, en b\u00f6rs f\u00f6r aktiehandel. Kuznetsovs \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 ger besked: en \u0431\u0438\u0440\u0436\u0430 var ”i Ryssland f\u00f6re 1917 en parkerings- eller h\u00e5llplats (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0430) f\u00f6r kuskar”.<\/p>\n

Vad \u00e4r ett K\u00e4mpferfenster<\/a>? Det \u00e4r den tyska ben\u00e4mningen p\u00e5 det som p\u00e5 engelska kallas transom<\/a>, men som p\u00e5 franska och ryska kallas vasistas<\/a> respektive \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0434\u0430\u0441 – sm\u00e5 f\u00f6nster som antingen sitter ovanf\u00f6r eller i d\u00f6rrar, eller inuti andra f\u00f6nster. Etymologiskt \u00e4r detta ord synbarligen f\u00f6rknippat med den tyska fr\u00e5gefrasen ”Was ist das?” – ”Vad \u00e4r det?” – \u00e4ven om orsaken till detta \u00e4r oklar.<\/p>\n

En \u00f6vers\u00e4ttning av de tre sista raderna b\u00f6r allts\u00e5 helst (i) bevara betydelsen av ett litet f\u00f6nster som \u00f6ppnas, (ii) klinga lika tyskt som \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0434\u0430\u0441 g\u00f6r p\u00e5 ryska och (iii) bevara fr\u00e5gan ”Was ist das?”.<\/p>\n

Uppdatering:<\/strong> Ochta-flickan med sitt \u00e4mbar f\u00f6revigades 2003 i form av en bronsstaty i St Petersburg<\/a>. Av beskrivningen framg\u00e5r \u00e4ven att det \u00e4r mj\u00f6lk till f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljning som hon b\u00e4r p\u00e5, vilket \u00e5terspeglas i bland andra Jensens och Johanssons \u00f6vers\u00e4ttningar.<\/p>\n

Uppdatering 2011-02-27:<\/strong> Jag har gjorts uppm\u00e4rksam p\u00e5 en f\u00f6rklaring av ordet ”\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0434\u0430\u0441”<\/a> som m\u00f6jligen \u00e4r den g\u00e4ngse inom det ryska utbildningsv\u00e4sendet. I korthet g\u00e5r den ut p\u00e5 att ordet mycket specifikt betecknar f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljningsluckor p\u00e5 bageributiker genom vilka man s\u00e5lde br\u00f6d utan att beh\u00f6va \u00f6ppna n\u00e5gon d\u00f6rr. Tyska bagare, vilka ska ha utgjort en majoritet i yrket, st\u00e4llde fr\u00e5gan ”Was ist das?” genom luckan, vilket gav den dess namn. (Tack till Alex.)<\/p>\n

Kring detta mycket internationella ord har ocks\u00e5 andra f\u00f6rklaringar florerat. P\u00e5 franska s\u00e4gs stundom att vasistas inte bara \u00e4r ett f\u00f6nster i bra h\u00f6jd att se ut p\u00e5 gatan med. Dessutom ska det, f\u00f6r att \u00e4nnu b\u00e4ttre kunna stilla nyfikenheten kring vad som h\u00e4nder ute p\u00e5 gatan (Was ist das?), vara f\u00f6rsett med en s\u00e5 kallad skvallerspegel<\/a>, det vill s\u00e4ga en dubbelspegel med 45 graders vinkel p\u00e5 vardera glaset s\u00e5 man kan se b\u00e5de till h\u00f6ger och till v\u00e4nster l\u00e4ngs gatan utanf\u00f6r. (Tack till Peter.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Onegin d\u00e5? Hans \u00f6gon domnar,
\nhan g\u00e5r fr\u00e5n bal till s\u00e4ngs direkt… Forts\u00e4tt l\u00e4sa →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kap1","category-strofer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=305"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":407,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/305\/revisions\/407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.onegin.se\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}